Why is intake and output important

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It is replaced in our daily basic intake of food and drink. There is no easy answers as to how much water a person is required to drink each day. Studies have produced varying recommendations over the years, but in truth, each individual water requirements depend on many factors, including his health and how active he is.

Return to Top Monitoring Fluid Balance Monitoring of fluid balance is required for people with renal failure, electrolyte imbalance, or severe vomiting and diarrhea. It is also necessary for people with nasogastric tubes and drainage collection devices. In addition, those receiving intravenous therapy and those taking medicines such as diuretics and corticosteriods also need to have their fluid balance monitored. These measurements are important to help evaluate a persont fluid and electrolyte balance, to suggest various diagnosis, and allows for prompt intervention to correct the imbalance.

All amounts must be measured and record in milliliters. Do not estimate the amount. If the person is able to cooperate, he should be encouraged to help in keeping an accurate record of his daily fluid intake and output. At the end of a hours period, add up the total intake and output. Evaluate the person's fluid status in relation to the disease process, medication regimen, diet, and activity ordered by your healthcare professionals.

The person is said to be in negative fluid balance if his output is greater than his intake. Conversely, a positive fluid balance occurs when intake is greater than output. If the difference is alarming, consult your doctor. Keep the chart to show to the doctor, and start a fresh one for the next hours. Two jugs marked in milliliters, one for intake and the other for output.

You can also work out the capacity of any container and mark it. Fluid intake refers to all fluid entering the person's body. Anbuconsornambal M. Nana Adoma Appiah. Muthu Prubha. Sirwan Hamabaqi at hospital.

Show More. Views Total views. Actions Shares. No notes for slide. Intake and output chart 1. Welcome 2. Introduction: Water is essential for life and maintaining the correct balance of fluid in the body is crucial to health. Accurate 24 hours measurement and recording is an essential part of patient assessment. In critically ill patent it becomes very important to accurately record fluid intake and output for proper evaluation and control of fluid balance.

Accuracy in recording fluid intake and output is vital to the overall management of certain patient groups and facilitate correct prescribing of intervention and Subcutaneous fluids. Definition of Intake: Measurement of all those fluids entering the clients body such as water ,ice chips, juice, milk, coffee, ice-creams and fluid include: Parenteral, central line, feeding tube ,artificial irrigation and blood transfusion.

Definition of Output: Measurement of all fluid level that leaves the clients body such as urine, perspiration, exhalation, diarrhea, vomiting, drainage, bleeding and wounds 6. And output from kidneys gastrointestinal tract, drainage tubes , and wounds accurate 24 hours measurement and recording is an essential part of patient assessment. Intravascular compartment in blood Plasma 8.

Are they hydrated? Are they Dehydrated? Are they fluid overload? Is there an obstruction? Percent of water in the human body: Urine output may need to be measured at the end of a shift or more often e. Currently, the urinary catheter is attached through into a collapsible plastic with markings. The amount can be read from these markings or by emptying the entire content of the bag into a measuring jug when it is full or at the end of the shift or day.

If it is desirable to let the urine accumulate for the whole day, the nurse reads off the amount from markings level in ml on the bag and record this and the time in the I-O chart. To enable her to make the next reading, she may indicate the level at which last measurement was made — on the bag with a marker or tape. Otherwise, she can also subtract the reading of the previous level from the level at the time of the current reading.

This gives the amount passed between the times of the two readings. If the urine bag is full, the urine is discarded and the amount recorded. If urine output is to be measured hourly, then the use of the standard I-O chart may not be suitable too many rows required. The output may be recorded on a separate chart and then the total for a shift inserted into the main standard chart.

Patient who has a collection of fluid in a body cavity like in pleural effusion or ascites may have a drainage tube inserted into the cavity to drain the fluid.

After surgical operations, drains may be inserted into abdominal or thoracic cavity and abscess or cyst cavities to facilitate drainage of secretions or discharges such as blood, serum or pus. After reading the loss for the current period, she may use an ink marker or tape to indicate on the bag or bottle the level when it was last read. The amount at the end of a shift is calculated by subtracting the amount of the previous reading from the accumulated amount.

In the second method, reading is done and then the whole bag or bottle is emptied. But it is indicated if the bag or bottle is full. If the patient has a fistula originating from the jejunum or ileum, the intestinal contents are collected into a jejunostomy or ileostomy bags. Measurement of the output is made by transferring the content into a measuring—container or aspirated with a syringe.

The type of fluid that is excreted or drained out is indicated by the headings on separate columns. These include:. The time of measurement for each output is written on a separate row unless it coincides with the time when the input was recorded.

There should be enough rows on the chart to record the time of intake as well as output. Each type of output has its own column title. As space is limited, total volume of all types of output of each shift needs to be added and written at the bottom of the chart see below. Entering Data for Output Morning Shift.

Urine, though an output, is not normally considered as a loss because urine production is a normal mechanism for the excretion of products of metabolism. In normal circumstances, if too much urine is produced the commonest reason is that more fluid than what is required has been given to the patient. The intake therefore needs to be reduced. A common mistake is to increase the intake to catch up with the urine output. However, the clinician needs to be aware of circumstances where an abnormal amount of urine is excreted because of complications of disease for example.

The doctor need to determine whether the drainage constitutes an active loss or drainage of accumulated fluid for which the body has been compensated. Fluid in ascites or pleural effusion usually had accumulated for some time and it is wise not to replace it volume for volume. However if there is re-accumulation after the initial drainage, it may have to be replaced. In intestinal obstruction fluid may well up into the stomach and the volume Nasogastric aspirate will rise. It is quite common practice to replace it volume for volume with IV Normal-saline.

However, it must be remembered that most of the accumulation is in the small intestine. Therefore just replacing the Nasogastric aspirate is not enough. Judgment on the fluid need must be based on the diminishing urine output, increased pulse rate and drop in blood pressure.

In the monitoring of Intake and output the following need to be taken into consideration:. Importance of Monitoring Intake and Output Monitoring is an important clinical care process that provides the means to determine the progress of the disease and the beneficial as well as detrimental effects of treatment.

Purpose of the Intake-Output Chart The intake and output chart is a tool used for the purpose of documenting and sharing information regarding the following: Whatever is taken by the patient especially fluids either via the gastrointestinal tract entrally or through the intravenous route parenterally Whatever is excreted or removed from the patient Sometimes it is known as the Fluid-Balance Chart.

Normally, this is accomplished by: Water consumed as drinks usually about ml Water that is part of solid food Water produced in the body as a product of metabolism The greater part of this water is re-excreted as urine, the amount of which can be measured by various means.

Each type consists of different components as shown below: The Plan the intended amount to be given as ordered Type of fluid The amount intended for a given period Other electrolyte or drug to be added The Record or result Intake — actual amount administered or taken Output — amount of output that can be measured Fluid Balance Sometimes the nature of the fluid output colour, turbidity etc.

Intake-Output Plan. Ordering Addition of KCl. Plan for Infusion of One type of Fluid click on image to enlarge. Transfer of Data from Plan to Intake Chart to enlarge, click on image. IV Infusion Workflow. Cumulative Total Each Shift to enlarge click on image. Gastrostomy Tube. Jejunostomy Feed Order click on image to enlarge. Plan for Gastrostomy Bolus Feeding click on image to enlarge. Plan for Jejunostomy Feeding by Continuous Infusion click on image to enlarge.

Intake Chart for Gastrostomy Feed click on image to enlarge. Jejunostomy Intake click on image to enlarge. Charting Intake when Two Routes are Used click on image to enlarge.

Shift Total Combined. Marking the Level of Drainage. Drainage Bottle that Can Be Emptied. Entering Data for Output click on image to enlarge. Shift Total of Output. Entire Completed Chart. Entire Empty Chart to enlarge click on image. Share this: Twitter Facebook.

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